Slapped cheek, also known as 5th disease is caused by parvovirus B19. It is mildly contagious (respiratory secretions). No treatment required however it can be a concern if you are pregnant with potential complications for the fetus.

HSP usually occurs post viral with palpable purpura often painful ankles and/or wrists. May get scrotal oedema (in males duh). About 50 % get some abdominal pain and a variable amount of IgA nephropathy (therefore protein in urine). ARENA mnemonic (Abdominal pain Renal disease Edema Non blanching rash Arthritis.)

Caused by Strep pyogenes (Grp A). Strawberry tongue first then sandpaper rash then desquamation hands, feet.Treat with Penicillin, Analgesia, Rest.

Steven Johnson Syndrome (also known as Erythema multiforme major) has multiple potential precipitants. Infections (Mycoplasma, viral), Drugs (Allopurinol, Sulphur and many others), Malignancy. Still 50% are idiopathic. Widespread mucosal and dermal sloughing. Treatment is generally fastidious supportive care.

Small pox was called small to differentiate it from the great pox which was Syphilis. It is thought the earliest record of the pustules on the face was on the body of Pharaoh Ramses V who died in 1157 BC. Vaccination eradicated it because vaccination produced lasting immunity, there was no animal reservoirs of infection and the virus was too fragile to last long outside the human body.

A classic story of a very common viral infection. It is caused by one of the Herpes viruses and treatment is supportive. The Royal Childrens Hospital Melbourne is a good---go to--web site if you need reminding of paediatric rashes.

Well there is a picture of a hand, foot and mouth so probably a hint. It is caused by a Coxsackie A16 virus mainly. Highly contagious. Keep home around 7 to 10 days. Xylocaine viscus a couple of times a day can help with the painful mouth lesions.

Staph scalded skin syndrome is caused by the Staph exotoxin. The primary Staph infection is usually around the mouth or nose. Treatment is supportive along with IV Flucloxacillin (Vancomycin if MRSA suspected). No mucosal involvement. Can look much redder and angrier than this case.

This is a primary HSV (Herpes Simplex) infection. The vesicles burn and itch. Often need IV antivirals. They heal in about 10 days. Isolate the child.

Characteristic target lesions. Covid---yet another potential cause of Erythema Multiforme. (Image from BMJ article http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236986)