Rectal and anal conditions.
Rectal prolapse is most common under 4yrs of age with the highest incidence in children < 1year. It is worth remembering that rectal prolapse is the presenting symptom of Cystic Fibrosis in up to 1/3 of patients.
Apparently glass bottles win. They make up 42% of all rectal foreign bodies.
Below is a link explaining one method of removing rectal foreign bodies.
Answer 1 is a Grade 4.
Answer 2 is a Grade 1.
Answer 3 is a Grade 3.
Answer 2 is a Grade 2.
You can then refer the patient to the surgeon as an outpatient for follow up. Print out a patient info sheet to give to him.
Haemorrhoids are dilated venous vascular cushions (there are 3 of them that lie at 3, 7 and11oclock positions). They lie below the dentate line. The real pain comes from when they thrombose.
Excising and removing a clot is normally only recommended in the first 3 days.
Farrah Fawcett died of anal cancer, aged 62yrs
Lung 5 yr survival has doubled since the early 90s but is still only about 20%.
Bowel is just over 70%
Breast is over 90% but a little behind Melanoma.
Essentially they need incision and drainage.
Cauda Equina syndrome occurs when there is dysfunction of the lower lumbar and sacral nerve roots. Overall the most common cause is a large herniated disc although there are multiple other causes from tumours through to trauma.
It is not a pre cancerous condition but rather occasionally anal cancer can mimic the appearance of an anal fissure.
If a child has pin worms "enterobius vermicularis" they emerge from the anal canal at night and early morning where they lay their eggs around the anus. This makes the anus itchy.
Diagnose it by using sticky tape peri anally in the morning. The eggs stick to the tape.
Treatment is using drugs like Pyrantel (Combantrin) orally.