According to a study (ref 1) in approximately 14,000 patients in the Swedish Renal Registry approximately 60% with stage 3b-5 CKD had anaemia (defined as Hb <12g/dL for females and <13g/dL for males). Correspondingly, 93% of patients on dialysis had anaemia.

A close correlation between patient fatigue level and impaired Health-Related Quality of Life suggests that this symptom could be a particularly significant indicator of anaemia, a serious burden for patients. (Ref.2)

Anaemia doubles the risk of all-cause mortality associated with moderately decreased kidney function based on data from the ARIC Study of 14,971 adults in a subgroup of 1697 patients with anaemia (Ref.3)

In a study using the Swedish Renal Registry of approximately 3000 patients on dialysis, 50% had CRP levels >5mg/l. (Ref.1)

According to a study of approximately 14,000 patients in the Swedish Renal Registry, 24% of patients referred to a nephrologist with stage 3b-5 CKD were ESA users. In contrast, 82% of patients on dialysis (haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) were ESA users. (Ref.1)

In a study in approximately 14,000 nephrology-referred, stage 3b-5 CKD patients in the Swedish Renal Registry, of whom about 3000 received ESA, more than 40% were typically outside the European target range for Hb of 10-12g/dl. (Ref.1)